Diseases of the Pericardium, Cardiac Tumors, and Cardiac Trauma

Abstract

May 2008

Section 1 Cardiovascular Medicine

XIII Diseases of the Pericardium, Cardiac Tumors, and Cardiac Trauma

Salima Shafi, MD,
Fellow, Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Clinic

Jae K. Oh, MD
Professor of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic

The pericardium provides a protective fluid-filled sac around the heart. Pericardial disease includes acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and constrictive pericarditis. An overview of acute pericarditis is presented; the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis are discussed. A table summarizes clinical features differentiating constrictive pericarditis from amyloidosis and idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. Consideration is given to special etiologic forms of acute pericarditis and pericardial effusion, including pericarditis related to renal failure and dialysis, radiation-induced pericardial effusion, neoplastic pericardial effusion, purulent pericarditis, drug-induced pericarditis, pericarditis after cardiac surgery, and pericardial complications in invasive procedures. This chapter also includes sections on metastatic, primary benign, and primary malignant tumors. A discussion of cardiovascular injury addresses blunt trauma, including myocardial contusion, valvular injury, and aortic injury, as well as penetrating trauma and electrical injury. This chapter contains references.

This chapter contains 39 references.

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